The history of Nepalese migrant workers dates to the early 19th century, during the British colonial era in India. Nepalese soldiers, known as Gurkhas, began serving in the British and Indian armies, establishing a legacy of migration for employment. This trend expanded in the mid-20th century as Nepalese workers started seeking jobs in India due to the open border and cultural ties between the two nations.

In the late 20th century, as Gulf countries experienced rapid economic growth fueled by oil revenues, Nepalese workers began migrating to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries for employment in construction, hospitality, and domestic work. Malaysia also became a significant destination during this period, driven by its booming industrial and plantation sectors.

The 1990s marked a significant shift as Nepal liberalized its economy and implemented policies to promote foreign employment. The Foreign Employment Act of 1985, later revised in 2007, provided a legal framework for labor migration. This period saw a surge in the number of Nepalese migrating for work, facilitated by the rise of recruitment agencies.

Today, remittances from migrant workers form a critical component of Nepal’s economy, contributing around 25-30% of the national GDP. However, the history of Nepalese migrant labor has also been marked by challenges, including exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and difficulties in adapting to foreign cultures. Despite these hurdles, migration remains a significant livelihood strategy for many Nepalese families, shaping both the economy and society of Nepal.